COGENERATION PLANT & LANDFILL GAS PIPELINE 
UNH is the first university in the US to be fueled primarily by landfill methane gas
“By reducing the university’s dependence on fossil fuels and reducing our greenhouse gas emissions, EcoLine is an environmentally and fiscally responsible initiative. UNH is proud to lead the nation and our peer institutions in this landmark step toward sustainability.”
-- UNH President Mark W. Huddleston
Cogeneration plant
In 2006, UNH's combined heat and power facility - or cogeneration (COGEN) plant - went online. The primary source of heat and electricity for the five-million square foot Durham campus, COGEN retains waste heat normally lost during the production of electricity and instead uses this energy to heat buildings, in turn reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions.
- Cost savings: UNH's COGEN, including a chilled water plant, cost an estimated $28 million - all self-financed - with an anticipated payback within 20 years. These savings incorporate the avoided costs of investing in the existing plant for needed renovations.
- Emissions savings: the installation of the COGEN plant resulted in an estimated reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 21% in Academic Year (AY) 2006 compared to AY 2005.
Landfill gas
In 2008, UNH will become the first university in the U.S. to use landfill gas as its primary energy source. In partnership with Waste Management of New Hampshire, Inc., UNH launched EcoLine, a landfill gas project that will pipe enriched and purified gas from Waste Management’s landfill in Rochester to the Durham campus. Coming from Waste Management’s Turnkey Recycling and Environmental Enterprise (TREE) facility in Rochester, NH, the landfill gas will replace commercial natural gas as the primary fuel in UNH’s cogeneration plant in early 2009. Construction began in 2007 on the landfill gas processing plant in Rochester that will purify the gas and on the 12.7 mile underground pipeline that will transport the gas from the plant to the UNH Durham campus.
- Cost savings: UNH's landfill gas project cost an estimated $45 million - all internally-funded - with an anticipated payback within 10 years of the project. Both the cogeneration plant and the landfill gas projects were financed by the campus through borrowing. No student fees or state funding is being used. The analysis done as part of the due diligence process showed that the total cost of energy delivered to the campus was lower if the project was accomplished (assuming all costs for the new systems including repayment of the financing) than the "do nothing" alternative.
- Emissions savings: When combined with the COGEN plant, this innovative landfill gas project will lower energy costs, provide energy security, and reduce the UNH Durham campus's greenhouse gas emissions an estimated 67% below 2005 levels and 57% below 1990 levels. (These estimates use emission factors of a 70% Public Service of New Hampshire (PSNH) and 30% NE ISO fuel mix, and assume a Durham campus 2% annual emissions growth rate based on historical trends.)
- Renewable energy credits: UNH will receive any carbon offsets generated by the project and Waste Management will see a reduction in the amount of methane gas (the gas being piped to UNH) they will need to flare, which will give them greater flexibility in their operations. UNH's agreement with WM prices the gas based on a discount from one of the national indexes for natural gas prices -- a fairly typical pricing structure for these types of contracts.
Will using gas from a landfill to power UNH encourage people to waste and further promote a "consumer society" lifestyle?
No. Climate change is a dramatic challenge that demands a systemic and proportional response. We must reduce our greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible to avert the worst impacts of climate change that will occur in the next 50 to 100 years if we do not cut our emissions drastically in the next decade. In light of this challenge, it's important to keep the following points in mind about using landfill methane gas for power:
- The gas will last for 20 years, even if the landfill is closed tomorrow. Turnkey Landfill is expected to continue to accept waste into the future.
- We need to cut greenhouse emissions now -- an estimated 80% by 2050. Therefore, eery landfill in the country should use or sell its methane gas for power - gas that is already being produced now from waste ALREADY in landfills.
- Ending the consumer society is an important concern, and we're not going to get to carbon neutrality without addressing it in a sustainable way. However, since we have only a decade in which to substantially reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, we need to explore renewable power sources like landfill gas.
- Until we can have a zero waste society, landfills are the best option for managing waste. Incineration, export, ocean dumping, etc., all have their own environmental and social problems. What's more, waste characterization and utilization research and engineering continue to improve our landfills and how we handle waste.
- Our US consumer society (like our car culture) developed over the 50 yearperiod from 1950-2000. It can be undone (many of our grandparents remember a time when this type of culture did not predominate, but it may take another 50 years for us to change. In the meantime, we should explore using landfill gas for power.
